How to Do a Breast Self-Examination: A Practical Step-by-Step Guide

Introduction

Becoming familiar with your body is an empowering step in health care. A breast self-examination (BSE) or breast cancer self-examination helps women notice changes that may need medical attention. While BSE is not a definitive screening test and does not replace clinical exams or imaging, it is a practical awareness tool, especially where access to diagnostic services is limited. Our experts at Well-Life Hospital prepared this straightforward guide so you can check with confidence and know when to seek professional help for the early detection of breast cancer.

When to perform a BSE

• If you still menstruate: perform BSE monthly, after your period, when breasts are least likely to be swollen or tender.
• If you are post-menopausal: choose a convenient day each month and check on that day.
• If you are pregnant or breastfeeding: be aware of changes; discuss any concerns with your clinician.

Step-by-step visual inspection (standing)

1. Stand in front of a mirror with your shoulders straight and hands on your hips. Look for any changes in the size, shape, or symmetry of each breast.
2. Raise both arms overhead and look for the same changes. Note any dimpling or skin retraction, puckering, color changes, or visible lumps.
3. Gently press the nipples to check for discharge (anything other than milk during breastfeeding should be evaluated).

Breast cancer self examination step-by-step palpation (lying down)

1. Lie flat on your back with a pillow under the right shoulder. Place your right arm behind your head.
2. Use the pads of the three middle fingers of your left hand to examine the right breast. Use varying pressure light, medium, and firm to feel all tissue layers from the skin to the chest wall.
3. Move in a systematic pattern: circular spirals moving inward, vertical strips (up and down), or wedge patterns from the outer breast toward the nipple. Make sure to cover the entire breast and the underarm area (axilla).
4. Repeat for the left breast using the right hand.

Palpation while standing or in the shower

Some women prefer to feel their breasts while standing with the arm raised (or in the shower when the skin is slippery). The same methodical palpation can be used. Choose whichever positions you find easiest and most reliable.

What to look/feel for

• A new lump or thickening that feels different from the rest of the breast tissue.
• Change in the size or shape of the breast.
• Skin changes — dimpling, puckering, redness, or unusual texture.
• Nipple changes — inversion (pulled in) when previously normal, any new discharge.
• Persistent pain affecting one area.

If you find something — don’t panic.

Most lumps felt by women are not cancer. Common benign conditions include cysts and fibrocystic changes. However, any new, persistent change should be evaluated promptly. Avoid self-diagnosis and seek a clinical breast exam from a qualified health professional. Clinical exams and imaging (mammography or ultrasound) will determine the next steps.

Limitations of BSE

Scientific studies have shown that BSE alone does not reduce breast cancer mortality. Some women may miss subtle early signs, and others may experience anxiety from normal lumps. BSE’s primary value lies in awareness — if it encourages timely reporting and clinical follow-up, it is beneficial.

When to see a clinician right away

See a clinician if you notice:
• A new lump or thickening that persists after your period.
• Unusual nipple discharge (not milk).
• Sudden, unexplained breast size or shape change.
• Skin changes such as dimpled or scaly skin.
Our experts stress that prompt evaluation leads to faster diagnosis and treatment when needed.

Clinical breast exam & imaging

A clinical breast exam performed by a healthcare professional can help set a baseline. Imaging choices depend on your age and findings: mammography is recommended for women above 40 and is the most effective screening tool for that age group. Ultrasound is useful for younger women and for specific lumps. If imaging indicates concern, a biopsy may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis.

Practical tips

• Pick a comfortable, private time each month to perform BSE and record any findings.
• If you have a clinical exam and your healthcare professional says your breasts are normal, use that as your baseline to compare future checks.
• Keep a simple log or use your phone to note dates and any changes. This helps clinicians track patterns.
• If cost or access limits imaging in your area, ask about community screening days or referral options.

Conclusion & encouragement

Regular familiarity with your breasts empowers you to act early. BSE is a practical way to notice changes — but remember it complements rather than replaces clinical care. Our experts at Well-Life Hospital are available to teach BSE, perform clinical breast exams, and arrange imaging. Early detection of breast cancer helps ensure better outcomes.