Low Sperm Count: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment

Infertility is often seen as a woman’s issue, but in reality, male fertility plays a crucial role too. When couples struggle to conceive, they typically start by exploring female fertility issues, often overlooking male factors. However, male infertility, particularly low sperm count, is a common and significant concern that deserves equal attention.

Understanding Low Sperm Count

Low sperm count, medically known as oligospermia, is defined as having fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen. When there is an absence of sperm, the condition is called azoospermia. A low sperm count reduces the likelihood of one of the sperm fertilising the partner’s egg, making conception more challenging.

Recognizing Symptoms of Low Sperm Count

Low sperm count often goes unnoticed until couples face difficulties in conceiving. However, there are subtle signs that might indicate a problem:

Sexual Dysfunction: Issues like low sex drive or difficulty maintaining an erection (erectile dysfunction) could be related to low sperm count.
Testicular Pain or Swelling: Pain, swelling, or lumps in the testicle area might indicate underlying issues affecting sperm production.
Hormonal Changes: A decrease in facial or body hair, or other signs of hormonal imbalance, could be related to chromosomal or hormonal abnormalities.

If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for a comprehensive evaluation.

What Causes Low Sperm Count?

Several factors can lead to low sperm count, ranging from physical health conditions to lifestyle choices. Here’s a closer look at the most common causes:

1. Varicocele

Varicocele is a swelling of the veins within the testicles, similar to varicose veins in the legs. This condition can impair sperm production and quality, making it a leading cause of male infertility.

2. Retrograde Ejaculation

In some men, semen may enter the bladder instead of being expelled through the penis during orgasm, a condition known as retrograde ejaculation. This can be caused by diabetes, spinal injuries, or certain surgeries.

3. High Temperatures

Exposing the testicles to high temperatures, such as from frequent use of saunas or hot tubs, can negatively affect sperm production. Occupations or lifestyles that involve prolonged exposure to heat can also contribute to low sperm count.

4. Lifestyle Factors

A sedentary lifestyle, excessive use of digital devices, and obesity are all linked to lower sperm counts. Poor dietary habits and lack of physical activity can exacerbate these issues.

5. Emotional and Psychological Stress

Chronic stress and depression can impact hormone levels, leading to reduced sperm production.

6. Medical Conditions and Treatments

Certain medical treatments, like chemotherapy, and conditions like celiac disease, can also affect sperm count. Additionally, genetic disorders may play a role.

7. Substance Abuse

The use of alcohol, tobacco, and recreational drugs is known to lower sperm quality and count.

8. Exposure to Environmental Toxins

Prolonged exposure to industrial chemicals and pollutants can harm sperm production and quality.

Treatment Options for Low Sperm Count

The good news is that various treatment options are available, depending on the underlying cause of low sperm count. Here’s a detailed look at the possible interventions:

1. Lifestyle Modifications

Small changes can make a big difference. Here’s what you can do:

Healthy Diet: Incorporate foods rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and essential vitamins, such as fish, fruits, vegetables, and nuts like walnuts. These nutrients support reproductive health and can boost sperm count.
Regular Exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity helps improve overall blood circulation, reduces excess weight, and promotes mental well-being, all of which can enhance sperm production.
Quit Harmful Habits: Eliminating smoking, reducing alcohol intake, and avoiding recreational drugs can significantly improve sperm quality.

2. Medical Treatments and Supplements

In cases where lifestyle changes are insufficient, medical interventions may be necessary. Your healthcare provider might recommend:

Hormonal Treatments: To correct hormonal imbalances that may be contributing to low sperm count.
Supplements: Certain supplements, such as D-aspartic acid, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Coenzyme Q10, and Zinc, have shown promise in boosting sperm production. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplementation.

3. Advanced Fertility Treatments

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): For severe cases of low sperm count, ICSI is a highly effective fertility treatment. In this procedure, a single sperm is directly injected into an egg, which is then placed in a controlled environment to encourage fertilisation.
At Well-Life Hospital in Abuja, we use the latest Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) to ensure the highest chances of successful pregnancies with minimal IVF cycles. Our team is experienced in handling complex cases of male infertility, providing personalised care and cutting-edge treatments.

Emotional and Psychological Support

Infertility can take a heavy emotional toll on couples. Feelings of frustration, guilt, and anxiety are common. It’s important to seek support, whether through counselling, support groups, or talking openly with your partner. Emotional well-being is crucial, not just for your mental health but also for the success of fertility treatments.

Conclusion

Low sperm count is a common issue that can significantly impact a couple’s ability to conceive. However, understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and seeking timely treatment can make a big difference. Whether through lifestyle changes, medical treatments, or advanced fertility techniques like ICSI, there are multiple pathways to achieving a successful pregnancy.

For those facing challenges, remember that you’re not alone. Support is available, and with the right guidance and treatment, starting a family is still within reach.

If you’re in Abuja and looking for expert advice, consider consulting with specialists at Well-Life Hospital. We’re here to provide the support and solutions you need on your journey to parenthood.

Contact Well-Life Hospital

At Well-Life Hospital, a renowned infertility treatment centre located at No. 12 Atbara Street, Wuse 2, Abuja, FCT, we are dedicated to providing compassionate and comprehensive care to help you on your journey to parenthood. To learn more about our IVF services and to book a consultation, visit our website or contact us today.

… Your wellbeing is our goal